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مسقط /العُمانية/ كشفت أعمال التنقيب الأثرية التي يقوم بها قسم الآثار بكلية الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية بجامعة السُّلطان قابوس عن أكبر مبنى أثري غير برجي يعود عمره لأكثر من 4500 سنة على أطراف وادي عندام في ولاية المضيبي بمحافظة شمال الشرقية وهي عبارة عن مستوطنة أثرية لها طابع معماري مُميز لم يعثر على شبيه له حتى الآن في شبه الجزيرة العُمانية.
مسقط في 14 فبراير /العُمانية/ كشفت أعمال التنقيب الأثرية التي يقوم بها قسم الآثار بكلية الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية بجامعة السُّلطان قابوس عن أكبر مبنى أثري غير برجي يعود عمره لأكثر من 4500 سنة على أطراف وادي عندام في ولاية المضيبي بمحافظة شمال الشرقية وهي عبارة عن مستوطنة أثرية لها طابع معماري مُميز لم يعثر على شبيه له حتى الآن في شبه الجزيرة العُمانية.
ترأس فريق الآثار الأستاذ الدكتور ناصر بن سعيد الجهوري، وضم كل من الدكتور خالد دغلس والدكتور محمد حسين، بالإضافة إلى الفنيين والمصورين وغيرهم.
وتركزت أعمال التنقيب الأثري في الموسم الرابع (ديسمبر 2023) على أحد المباني في الموقع، و تبين أنَّه مميز جداً بالمقارنة مع مباني العصر البرونزي المبكر التي اكتُشفت في شبه الجزيرة العُمانية وذلك لعدة أسباب أولها: حجم المبنى، حيث تم الكشف عن معظم أجزاء المبنى الذي بلغت مساحته أكثر من 550 مترًا مربعًا، وهذه المساحة تمثل مبنى واحدًا مستقلًّا غير مرتبط بمباني أخرى وبهذه المساحة الإجمالية للمبنى، فإنَّه يمكن القول إنَّ هذا المبنى يمثل أكبر وأقدم مبنى غير برجي يتم العثور عليه في شبه الجزيرة العُمانية حتى الآن من العصر البرونزي المبكر، وذلك بالمقارنة مع حجم المباني المزامنة له ثقافيًّا، والتي لم يتجاوز حجمها أكثر من 300 متر مربع كتلك التي عثر عليها مُسبقًا في موقع جزيرة أم النار في إمارة أبو ظبي، وموقع دهوى في ولاية صحم في شمال الباطنة.
ومن المميزات الخاصة التي اتسم بها مبنى موقع الغريين هو تصميمه المعماري الفريد الذي لم يعثر له على شبيه حتى الآن في منطقة جنوب شرق الجزيرة العربية، فقد أُنشئ المبنى في المرحلة الأولى على شكل حصن مستطيل الشكل مبنيًّا بجدار حجري متقن محاط بجدار طويل وضخم مدعم بجدار استنادي على شكل مستطيل ذي زوايا محنية له مدخل عريض يقابل المدخل الرئيسي للحصن.
ويعتقد أن المبنى الرئيسي (الحصن) الذي يقع في وسط المبنى كان مفتوحًا غير مسقوف، وذلك بسبب كبر مساحته، أما ما يخص التفسير الوظيفي لهذا المبنى المميز، فإنَّ الدراسة التحليلية ما زالت في بدايتها ومع ذلك فإنَّه يمكن الجزم بأن المبنى لم يستخدم لأغراض سكنية، وإنَّما كان مبنًى عامًا، وربما يكون له طابع ديني.
جدير بالذكر أنَّ قسم الآثار في جامعة السُّلطان قابوس وبإشراف من وزارة التراث والسياحة قام بالتنقيب في موقع الغريين لأربعة مواسم، كان أولها سنة 2018م وآخرها ديسمبر 2023م، وكانت من أهم نتائج أعمال التنقيب تلك هي الكشف عن مستوطنة أثرية كبيرة تعود إلى العصر البرونزي المبكر (3000-2000 قبل الميلاد)، وقد أشار الدليل الأثري إلى أنَّ تلك المستوطنة سكنت عبر مرحلتين رئيستين من العصر البرونزي المبكر، وهما مرحلة حفيت (3000-2700 ق.م) ومرحلة أم النار (2700-2000 ق.م)، وهذا يعني أنَّ الموقع يُمثل مستوطنتين تم تشييدهما فوق بعضهما البعض خلال فترة امتدت قرابة الألف سنة،وقد تمكن الفريق الأثري من تمييز ما لا يقل عن 37 مبنًى من مرحلة حفيت وأكثر من 21 مبنًى من مرحلة أم النار، بالإضافة إلى برج دائري ضخم يزيد قطره عن حوالي 20 مترًا يتوسط الموقع، وأكثر من 50 مدفناً تركز معظمها على الأطراف الشرقية للمستوطنة، هذا بالإضافة إلى العثور على أعداد كبيرة من المدافن التي تعود إلى فترة العصر الحديدي المتأخر (900-300 قبل الميلاد) التي انتشرت في الأجزاء الشمالية من الموقع.
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